Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S. Moore
var. rubens

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Vumba Rd nr Westaway

Photo: Bart Wursten
Cleveland Dam, Harare

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Synonyms:	Gynura cernua Benth. Gynura rubens (Jacq.) Muschl. Senecio cernuus L. f. Senecio rubens Jacq.
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Description:	Erect herb, 30-70 cm. Leaves up to 11 × 4 cm, but often smaller, varying from simple, ovate, elliptic or obovate to (more commonly) lyrate-pinnatifid, sometimes auriculate; margin irregularly serrate or dentate. Capitula 10-12 × 5-8 mm, 1.5-2 times as long as broad, purple, blue, magenta, usually solitary; inner phyllaries 9-11 × 1 mm. Ovaries and achenes hairy.
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Worldwide distribution:	West Africa from Liberia to Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia and southwards to South Africa; Madagascar, Comoro and Mascarane Islands.
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Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Baumann, G. (2005). Photographic Guide to Wildflowers of Malawi Wildlife and Environmental Society of Malawi Pages 166 - 167. (Includes a picture). Beentje, H.J. & Ghazanfar, S.A. (eds.) (2005). Compositae (Part 3) Flora of Tropical East Africa Pages 608 - 609. Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 89. Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 16. Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 10. Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 30. As Crassocephalum rubens Jeffrey, C. (1986). The Senecioneae in East Tropical Africa: Notes on Compositae: IV Kew Bulletin 41(4) Pages 907 - 908. As Crassocephalum rubens Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 24. as Crassocephalum rubens Maquet, P. & Lawalree, A. (1985). Asteraceae Flore du Rwanda Spermatophytes Volume III Page 650. as Crassocephalum rubens Moriarty, A. (1975). Wild Flowers of Malawi Purnell & sons Cape Town. Page 157. As Crassocephalum rubens (Includes a picture). Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 29. As Crassocephalum rubens Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 52. Timberlake, J.R. & Childes, S.L. (2004). Biodiversity of the Four Corners Area: Technical Reviews Volume Two (Chapter 5-15) Appendix 5-1: Plant Checklist Occasional Publications in Biodiversity 15 Page 203. Wild, H. (1955). Common Rhodesian Weeds Government of Rhodesia, Salisbury Page 65. as Crassocephalum rubens (Includes a picture). Wursten, B., Timberlake, J. & Darbyshire, I. (2017). The Chimanimani Mountains: an updated checklist. Kirkia 19(1) Page 88.

Other sources of information about Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens:

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Flora of Caprivi: Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens
Flora of the DRC: Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens
Flora of Malawi: Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens
Flora of Mozambique: Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens
Flora of Zambia: Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens
Flora of Zimbabwe: Crassocephalum rubens var. rubens

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Crassocephalum rubens
African Plant Database: Crassocephalum rubens
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Crassocephalum rubens
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Crassocephalum rubens
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Crassocephalum rubens
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Crassocephalum rubens
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Crassocephalum rubens
JSTOR Plant Science: Crassocephalum rubens
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Crassocephalum rubens
Plants of the World Online: Crassocephalum rubens
Tropicos: Crassocephalum rubens
Wikipedia: Crassocephalum rubens